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Abstract

 

INTRODUZIONE. La qualitaÌ€ di vita (QoL) degli anziani è vulnerabile a causa del declino delle capacitaÌ€ fisiche e mentali, dell'uscita dal lavoro, della frantumazione della famiglia e dell'isola- mento. Molti strumenti che la rilevano sono costruiti per adulti: poche ricerche indagano come le persone anziane intendono la propria QOL.

SCOPO. Questo studio ha l'obiettivo di esplorare e comprendere le percezioni delle persone anziane riguardo la QOL.


METODO. EÌ€ stata condotta una ricerca qualitativa, fenomenologico-ermeneutica. Le narra- zioni sono state analizzate attraverso il metodo fenomenologico-grounded (Mortari, 2007). RISULTATI. Sono stati intervistati 16 anziani (etaÌ€ compresa tra 80 e 93 anni), residenti a domicilio. L'analisi conferma che la QOL è un concetto multifattoriale e multidimensionale, che racchiude in seÌ diverse componenti della vita. Dalle interviste, sono emersi 7 temi condivisi e ricorrenti, che riflettono l'esperienza di benessere nelle persone anziane che vivono a domicilio. Le dimensioni emerse sono: vivere relazioni che allontanino la solitudine, occupare il tempo con attivitaÌ€ che assecondano i propri interessi, accettarsi come persona anziana, poter scegliere come e dove vivere, riflettere sulla propria morte.

CONCLUSIONI. I risultati dello studio mostrano che gli anziani percepiscono la QOL formata da più componenti e variabili. Gli anziani si focalizzano sulle capacità residue, sull'accettazione degli aspetti positivi della propria vita piuttosto che su quello che non riescono più a fare o che manca. Questo studio può aiutare ad individuare alcune strategie sociali e sanitarie da applicare per garantire agli anziani il modo migliore di vivere l'ultima parte della vita.

PAROLE CHIAVE: anziani, qualità di vita, ricerca qualitativa, narrazioni ABSTRACT


ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. Elderly Quality of life (QoL) is vulnerable because of the decline in physical and mental capacity, discharge from work, rupture of the family and isolation. Many QoL Scales are made for adults: there is little research investigating how older people perceive QOL.

AIM. This study aims to explore and understand the perceptions that older people have about their QOL.


METHOD. A qualitative research hermeneutics-phenomenological was done. Narratives were analyzed by mixed method phenomenological-grounded (Mortari, 2007).

RESULTS. 16 elderly were interviewed (aged between 80 and 93 years), residents in their home. The analysis of the interviews confirm that QoL is a multidimensional concept that encompasses several components of life. There were 7 shared themes, reflecting the experience of well-being in older people living at home. The dimensions are: living relationships that drive away loneliness, fill the time with activities that follow their own interests, accept themselves as elderly person, choose how and where to live, think about death.

CONCLUSIONS. The results of the study show that older people perceive QOL as made of multiple components and variables. Elderly are focused on the remaining capacities, on the acceptance of the positive aspects of their lives rather than on what they can no longer do. This study help to identify some social and health strategies to guarantee the best way to live the last part of life.

KEY WORDS: quality of life, elderly, qualitative research, personal narratives

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Grosso, S., Ambrosi, E., Begagli, C., Mortari, L., & Canzan, F. (2018). La qualità di vita raccontata dagli anziani. Risultati di una ricerca fenomenologica. PROFESSIONI INFERMIERISTICHE, 71(1). Recuperato da https://profinf.net/pro3/index.php/IN/article/view/476
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