Contenuto dell'articolo principale
Abstract
Introduzione: La competenza culturale, definita come un processo complesso di elementi utili per lavorare in contesto interculturale, può essere misurata attraverso strumenti specifici. In letteratura ne esistono diversi, in lingua inglese, tutti focalizzati sulla percezione dell'operatore. La Physician's Cultural Competence for Patient Satisfaction (PCCPS), di Ahmed & Bates (2012), è l'unica scala che considera la percezione della persona. Obiettivo: validazione e adattamento linguistico-culturale al contesto infermieristico italiano della scala PCCPS.
Metodo: lo studio ha fatto riferimento ai modelli di Beaton e Valmi che prevedono cinque fasi di elaborazione di una versione pre-finale dello strumento, per la somministrazione a campioni di esperti e della popolazione target.
Risultati: alla terza somministrazione della scala al panel di esperti, lo strumento ha raggiunto la validití di facciata (chiarezza 70%) e di contenuto desiderate (I-CVI), oltre all'indice di validití di contenuto (S-CVI). L'affidabilití della consistenza interna è stata confermata da un valore di alpha di Cronbach di 0.8/0.9. La fedeltí dell'affidabilití conferma la stabilití dello strumento nel tempo: correlazione inter-item 0.8; coefficiente di Sperman-Brown 0.9; indice di Guttman 0.9.
Discussione: il percorso di validazione della scala si è rivelato complesso: le problematiche maggiori sono state l'adattamento alla figura dell'infermiere e la scelta della popolazione campione che aveva una conoscenza limitata della lingua italiana. Ciò ha reso necessario rivedere più volte la struttura dello strumento, ma pur lavorando ai fini di ottenere chiarezza, si è cercato di mantenere l'equivalenza semantica e concettuale alla versione originale.
Conclusioni: la validazione linguistico-culturale della scala colma un vuoto nel panorama nazionale, rendendo disponibile uno strumento destinato alla valutazione della competenza culturale, specifico del contesto infermieristico, che parte dalla percezione della persona presa in carico.
Parole chiave: competenza culturale, infermieristica, interculturale, migranti abstract
_______
The linguistic and cultural validation of a tool to evaluate the cultural competence in nurses
ABSTRACT
Introduction:"ˆCultural competence is described as a complex process of elements useful to work in an intercultural context. It could be evaluated with several different tools. In literature different English scales are available, and all of them start from the operator's perception. The Physician's Cultural Competence for Patient Satisfaction (PCCPS), by Ahmed & Bates (2012), is the only scale that consider the perception of the person.
Objective: validation and linguistic-cultural adaptation of the PCCPS at the nursing Italian context.
Method: the study used Beaton e Valmi's models, that expect five phases to elaborate a pre-final version of the tool, this has to be dispensed to a sample of experts and to target population.
Results: at the third administration to the expert group, the tool got the face's validity (clearness 70%), the content's validity (I-CVI), and the index of content's validity (S-CVI). The reliability of internal's consistency has been confirmed by an alpha di Cronbach's value of 0.8/0.9. The fidelity of the reliability confirms the tool's stability in the time (correlation inter-item 0.8; Sperman-Brown's coefficient 0.9; Guttman's index 0.9).
Discussion: the validation path resulted really complex: major problems were related to the adaptation to the nursing context and to the sample population, who has a limited knowledge of the Italian language. These elements have been requested the necessity to reformulate the tool several times, but even working to get clearness, it has been looked to maintain the semantic and conceptual equivalence to the original version. Key words: Competence, Intercultural, Nursing, Immigrant.The linguistic and cultural validation of a tool to evaluate the cultural competence in nurses
Dettagli dell'articolo
Riferimenti
- Ahmed, R., & Bates, B. R. (2012). Development of scales to assess patients' perception of physicians' cultural competence in health care interactions. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, July; 23(3): 287-296.
- Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25 (24), 3186-3191.
- Campinha-Bacote, J. (1999). A model and instrument for addressing cultural competence in health care. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(5): 203-207.
- Caritas e Migrantes. (2012). Dossier statistico immigrazione 2012 (22° rapporto). Roma: Idos.
- Chiarenza, A. (2012) Developments in the concept of cultural competence. In Ingleby D. Inequalities in Health Care for Migrants and Ethnic Minorities (Vol. 2). Antwerp: Garant.
- Cross, T., Bazron, B., Dennis, K., Isaacs, M. (1989). Toward a Culturally Competent System of Care (Vol. 1). Washington D.C.: Georgetown University.
- Dudas, K. I. (2012). Cultural Competence: an evolution concept analysis. Nurs Educ Perspect, 33(5): 317-321.
- Geraci, S., & Marceca, M. (2000). Il profilo di salute dell'immigrato. In Geraci S. Approcci transculturali per la promozione della salute. Roma: Caritas Diocesana.
- Loftin, C., Hartin, V., Branson, M., Reyes, H. (2013). Measures of Cultural Competence in Nurses: An integrative Review. Scientific World Journal, Article ID 289101.
- Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health, 29(5): 489-497.
- Riley, D., Smyer, T., York, N. (2012). Cultural competence of practicing nurses entering an RN-BSN program. Nurs Educ Prespect, 33(6): 381-385.
- Valmi, D. S., & Wilaiporn, R. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2): 268-274.
Riferimenti
Ahmed, R., & Bates, B. R. (2012). Development of scales to assess patients' perception of physicians' cultural competence in health care interactions. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, July; 23(3): 287-296.
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25 (24), 3186-3191.
Campinha-Bacote, J. (1999). A model and instrument for addressing cultural competence in health care. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(5): 203-207.
Caritas e Migrantes. (2012). Dossier statistico immigrazione 2012 (22° rapporto). Roma: Idos.
Chiarenza, A. (2012) Developments in the concept of cultural competence. In Ingleby D. Inequalities in Health Care for Migrants and Ethnic Minorities (Vol. 2). Antwerp: Garant.
Cross, T., Bazron, B., Dennis, K., Isaacs, M. (1989). Toward a Culturally Competent System of Care (Vol. 1). Washington D.C.: Georgetown University.
Dudas, K. I. (2012). Cultural Competence: an evolution concept analysis. Nurs Educ Perspect, 33(5): 317-321.
Geraci, S., & Marceca, M. (2000). Il profilo di salute dell'immigrato. In Geraci S. Approcci transculturali per la promozione della salute. Roma: Caritas Diocesana.
Loftin, C., Hartin, V., Branson, M., Reyes, H. (2013). Measures of Cultural Competence in Nurses: An integrative Review. Scientific World Journal, Article ID 289101.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health, 29(5): 489-497.
Riley, D., Smyer, T., York, N. (2012). Cultural competence of practicing nurses entering an RN-BSN program. Nurs Educ Prespect, 33(6): 381-385.
Valmi, D. S., & Wilaiporn, R. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2): 268-274.